Splitting work across agents lets each focus on a narrower job — a planner, a coder, a reviewer — and tackle problems too complex for a single loop. Common patterns include an orchestrator delegating to workers, agents debating to improve answers, and pipelines where each stage is its own agent.
Open-source frameworks supply the messaging, shared memory, and orchestration. The hard parts are coordination overhead and cost control, since every agent step is another model call.